This is a list of device bit rates, or physical layer information rates, net bit rates, useful bit rates, peak bit rates or digital bandwidth capacity, at which digital interfaces of computer peripheral equipment and network devices can communicate over various kinds of buses and networks.
The distinction can be arbitrary between a bus, (which is inside a box and usually relies on many parallel wires), and a communications network cable, (which is external, between boxes and rarely relies on more than four wires). Many device interfaces or protocols (e.g., SATA, USB, SCSI, PCI and a few variants of Ethernet) are used both inside many-device boxes, such as a PC, and one-device-boxes, such as a hard drive enclosure. Accordingly, this page lists both the internal ribbon and external communications cable standards together in one sortable table.
Factors limiting actual performance, criteria for real decisions
Most of the listed rates are theoretical maximum throughput measures; in practice, the actual effective throughput is almost inevitably lower in proportion to the load from other devices (network/bus contention), interframe gap, and other overhead in data link layer protocols etc. The maximum goodput (for example, the file transfer rate) may be even lower due to higher layer protocol overhead and data packet retransmissions caused by line noise or interference such as crosstalk, or lost packets in congested intermediate network nodes. All protocols lose something, and the more robust ones that deal resiliently with very many failure situations tend to lose more maximum throughput to get higher total long term rates.
Device interfaces where one bus transfers data via another will be limited to the throughput of the slowest interface, at best. For instance, SATA 6G controllers on one PCIe 5G channel will be limited to the 5G rate and have to employ more channels to get around this problem. Early implementations of new protocols very often have this kind of problem. The physical phenomena on which the device relies (such as spinning platters in a hard drive) will also impose limits; for instance, no spinning platter shipping in 2009 saturates SATA II (3 Gbit/s), so moving from this 3 Gbit/s interface to USB3 at 4.8 Gbit/s for one spinning drive will result in no increase in realized transfer rate.
Contention in a wireless or noisy spectrum, where the physical medium is entirely out of the control of those who specify the protocol, requires measures that also use up throughput. Wireless devices, BPL, and modems may produce a higher line rate or gross bit rate, due to error-correcting codes and other physical layer overhead. It is extremely common for throughput to be far less than half of theoretical maximum, though the more recent technologies (notably BPL) employ preemptive spectrum analysis to avoid this and so have much more potential to reach actual gigabit rates in practice than prior modems.
Another factor reducing throughput is deliberate policy decisions made by Internet service providers that are made for contractual, risk management, aggregation saturation, or marketing reasons. Examples are rate limiting, bandwidth throttling, and the assignment of IP addresses to groups. These practices tend to minimize the throughput available to every user, but maximize the number of users that can be supported on one backbone.
Furthermore, chips are often not available in order to implement the fastest rates. AMD, for instance, does not support the 32-bit HyperTransport interface on any CPU it has shipped as of the end of 2009. Additionally, WiMax service providers in the US typically support only up to 4 Mbit/s as of the end of 2009.
Choosing service providers or interfaces based on theoretical maxima is unwise, especially for commercial needs. A good example is large scale data centers, which should be more concerned with price per port to support the interface, wattage and heat considerations, and total cost of the solution. Because some protocols such as SCSI and Ethernet now operate many orders of magnitude faster than when originally deployed, scalability of the interface is one major factor, as it prevents costly shifts to technologies that are not backward compatible. Underscoring this is the fact that these shifts often happen involuntarily or by surprise, especially when a vendor abandons support for a proprietary system.
Conventions
By convention, bus and network data rates are denoted either in bit/s (bits per second) or byte/s (bytes per second). In general, parallel interfaces are quoted in byte/s and serial inbit/s. The more commonly used is shown below in bold type.
On devices like modems, bytes may be more than 8 bits long because they may be individually padded out with additional start and stop bits; the figures below will reflect this. Where channels use line codes (such as Ethernet, Serial ATA and PCI Express), quoted rates are for the decoded signal.
The figures below are simplex data rates, which may conflict with the duplex rates vendors sometimes use in promotional materials. Where two values are listed, the first value is the downstream rate and the second value is the upstream rate.
All quoted figures are in metric decimal units, where:
- 1 byte (B) = 8 bit
- 1 kbit/s = 1,000 bit/s
- 1 Mbit/s = 1,000,000 bit/s
- 1 Gbit/s = 1,000,000,000 bit/s
- 1 kB/s = 1,000 byte/s
- 1 MB/s = 1,000,000 byte/s
- 1 GB/s = 1,000,000,000 byte/s
- 1 TB/s = 1,000,000,000,000 byte/s
Note that this goes against the traditional use of binary prefixes for memory size. These decimal prefixes have long been established in data communications. This occurred before 1998 when IEC and other organizations introduced new binary prefixes and attempted to standardize their use across all computing applications.
Bandwidths
The figures below are grouped by network or bus type, then sorted within each group from lowest to highest bandwidth; gray shading indicates a lack of known implementations.
Time Signal Station to Radio Clock
|
| IRIG and related | 1 bit/s | ~0.2 characters/s [1][2] | |
TTY/Teletypewriter or telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD)
|
| TTY (V.18) | 45.4545 bit/s | 6 characters/s[3] | |
| TTY (V.18) | 50 bit/s | 6.6 characters/s | |
| NTSC Line 21 Closed Captioning | 1 kbit/s | ~100 characters/s | |
Modems (Narrowband & Broadband)
The bytes column of this particular table shows a net data transfer rate after the protocol overhead has been removed.
(The other device tables show bit rate equivalents.)
Narrowband (POTS: 3.1 kHz channel)
|
| Morse code (skilled operator) | 0.056 kbit/s | 4 cps (~40 wpm)[4] | 1844 |
| Modem 110 baud (symbols / second) (Bell 101) | 0.11 kbit/s | 0.010 kB/s (~10 cps)[5] | 1959 |
| Modem 300 (300 baud) (Bell 103 or V.21) | 0.3 kbit/s | 0.03 kB/s (~30 cps)[5] | 1962[6] |
| Modem 1200 (600 baud) (Bell 212A or V.22) | 1.2 kbit/s | 0.12 kB/s (~120 cps)[5] | 1976 |
| Modem 1200/75 (600 baud) (V.23) | 1.2/0.075 kbit/s | 0.12/0.0075 kB/s (~120 cps)[5] | |
| Modem 2400 (600 baud) (V.22bis) | 2.4 kbit/s | 0.3 kB/s[5] | |
| Modem 4800 (1600 baud) (V.27ter) | 4.8 kbit/s | 0.6 kB/s[5] | |
| Modem 9600 (2400 baud) (V.32) | 9.6 kbit/s | 1.2 kB/s[5] | 1989[6] |
| Modem 14.4 (2400 baud) (V.32bis) | 14.4 kbit/s | 1.8 kB/s[5] | 1991[6] |
| Modem 28.8 (3200 baud) (V.34-1994) | 28.8 kbit/s | 3.6 kB/s[5] | 1994 |
| Modem 33.6 (3429 baud) (V.34-1996/98) | 33.6 kbit/s | 4.2 kB/s[5] | 1996[7] |
| Modem 56k (8000/3429 baud) (V.90) | 56.0/33.6 kbit/s[8] | 7/4.2 kB/s | 1998 |
| Modem 56k (8000/8000 baud) (V.92) | 56.0/48.0 kbit/s[8] | 7/6 kB/s | 2001 |
| Modem data compression (variable) (V.92/V.44) | 56.0–320.0 kbit/s[8] | 7–40 kB/s | |
| ISP-side text/image compression (variable) | 56.0–1000.0 kbit/s | 7–125 kB/s | |
| ISDN Basic Rate Interface (single/dual channel) | 64/128 kbit/s[9] | 8/16 kB/s | 1986[10] |
| IDSL (dual ISDN + 16 kbit/s data channels) | 144 kbit/s | 18 kB/s | 2000[11] |
Broadband (hundreds of kHz wide)
|
| HDSL ITU G.991.1 aka DS1 | 1,544 kbit/s | 193 kB/s | 1998[12] |
| MSDSL | 2,000 kbit/s | 250 kB/s | |
| SDSL | 2,320 kbit/s | 290 kB/s | |
| SHDSL ITU G.991.2 | 5,690 kbit/s | 711 kB/s | 2001 |
| ADSL (G.Lite) | 1,536/512 kbit/s | 192/64 kB/s | 1998 |
| ADSL (G.DMT) | 8,192/1,024 kbit/s | 1,024/128 kB/s | 1999 |
| ADSL2 | 12,288/1,440 kbit/s | 1,536/180 kB/s | 2002 |
| ADSL2+ | 24,576/3,584 kbit/s | 3,072/448 kB/s | 2003 |
| DOCSIS v1.0[13] (Cable modem) | 38,000/9,000 kbit/s | 4,750/1,125 kB/s | 1997 |
| DOCSIS v2.0[14] (Cable modem) | 38,000/27,000 kbit/s | 4,750/3,375 kB/s | 2001 |
| VDSL ITU G.993.1 | 52,000 kbit/s | 7,000 kB/s | 2001 |
| VDSL2 ITU G.993.2 | 100,000 kbit/s | 12,500 kB/s | 2006 |
| DOCSIS v3.0[15] (Cable modem) | 160,000/120,000 kbit/s | 20,000/15,000 kB/s (~200,000,000 wpm) | 2006 |
| Uni-DSL | 200,000 kbit/s | 25,000 kB/s |
| BPON (G.983) fiber optic service | 622,000/155,000 kbit/s | 77,700/19,300 kB/s | 2005[16] |
| GPON (G.984) fiber optic service | 2,488,000/1,244,000 kbit/s | 311,000/155,500 kB/s (~3 billion+ wpm) | 2008[17] |
Mobile telephone interfaces
|
| GSM CSD (2G) | 14.4 kbit/s[18] | 14.4 kbit/s | 1.8 kB/s | 1.8 kB/s | |
| HSCSD | 57.6 kbit/s | 14.4 kbit/s | 5.4 kB/s | 1.8 kB/s | |
| GPRS (2.5G) | 57.6 kbit/s | 28.8 kbit/s | 7.2 kB/s | 3.6 kB/s | |
| WiDEN | 100 kbit/s | 100 kbit/s | 12.5 kB/s | 12.5 kB/s | |
| CDMA2000 1×RTT | 153 kbit/s | 153 kbit/s | 18 kB/s | 18 kB/s | |
| EDGE (2.75G) (type 1 MS) | 236.8 kbit/s | 236.8 kbit/s | 29.6 kB/s | 29.6 kB/s | |
| UMTS 3G | 384 kbit/s | 384 kbit/s | 48 kB/s | 48 kB/s | |
| EDGE (type 2 MS) | 473.6 kbit/s | 473.6 kbit/s | 59.2 kB/s | 59.2 kB/s | |
| EDGE Evolution (type 1 MS) | 1,184 kbit/s | 474 kbit/s | 148 kB/s | 59 kB/s | |
| EDGE Evolution (type 2 MS) | 1,894 kbit/s | 947 kbit/s | 237 kB/s | 118 kB/s | |
| 1×EV-DO rev. 0 | 2,457 kbit/s | 153 kbit/s | 307.2 kB/s | 19 kB/s | |
| 1×EV-DO rev. A | 3.1 Mbit/s | 1.8 Mbit/s | 397 kB/s | 230 kB/s | |
| 1×EV-DO rev. B | 14.7 Mbit/s | 5.4 Mbit/s | 1,837 kB/s | 675 kB/s | |
| HSPA (3.5G) | 13.98 Mbit/s | 5.760 Mbit/s | 1,706 kB/s | 720 kB/s | |
| 4×EV-DO Enhancements (2×2 MIMO) | 34.4 Mbit/s | 12.4 Mbit/s | 4.3 MB/s | 1.55 MB/s | |
| HSPA+ (2×2 MIMO) | 42 Mbit/s | 11.5 Mbit/s | 5.25 MB/s | 1.437 MB/s | |
| 15×EV-DO rev. B | 73.5 Mbit/s | 27 Mbit/s | 9.2 MB/s | 3.375 MB/s | |
| UMB (2×2 MIMO) | 140 Mbit/s | 34 Mbit/s | 17.5 MB/s | 4.250 MB/s | |
| LTE (2×2 MIMO) | 173 Mbit/s | 58 Mbit/s | 21.625 MB/s | 7.25 MB/s | |
| UMB (4×4 MIMO) | 280 Mbit/s | 68 Mbit/s | 35 MB/s | 8.5 MB/s | |
| EV-DO rev. C | 280 Mbit/s | 75 Mbit/s | 35 MB/s | 9 MB/s | |
| LTE (4×4 MIMO) | 326 Mbit/s | 86 Mbit/s | 40.750 MB/s | 10.750 MB/s | |
Wide area networks
|
| DS0 | 0.064 Mbit/s | 0.008 MB/s | |
| G.Lite (aka ADSL Lite) | 1.536/0.512 Mbit/s | 0.192/0.064 MB/s | |
| DS1/T1 (and ISDN Primary Rate Interface) | 1.544 Mbit/s | 0.192 MB/s | |
| E1 (and ISDN Primary Rate Interface) | 2.048 Mbit/s | 0.256 MB/s | |
| G.SHDSL | 2.304 Mbit/s | 0.288 MB/s | |
| LR-VDSL2 (4 to 5 km [long-]range) (symmetry optional) | 4 Mbit/s | 0.512 MB/s | |
| SDSL[19] | 2.32 Mbit/s | 0.29 MB/s | |
| T2 | 6.312 Mbit/s | 0.789 MB/s | |
| ADSL[20] | 8.0/1.024 Mbit/s | 1.0/0.128 MB/s | |
| E2 | 8.448 Mbit/s | 1.056 MB/s | |
| ADSL2 | 12/3.5 Mbit/s | 1.5/0.448 MB/s | |
| Satellite Internet[21] | 16/1 Mbit/s | 2.0/0.128 MB/s | |
| ADSL2+ | 24/3.5 Mbit/s | 3.0/0.448 MB/s | |
| E3 | 34.368 Mbit/s | 4.296 MB/s | |
| DOCSIS v1.0 (Cable modem)[13] | 55.62/42.88 Mbit/s | 10.24 MB/s | |
| DOCSIS v2.0 (Cable modem)[14] | 55.62/42.88 Mbit/s | 30.72 MB/s | |
| DS3/T3 ('45 Meg') | 44.736 Mbit/s | 5.5925 MB/s | |
| STS-1/EC-1/OC-1/STM-0 | 51.84 Mbit/s | 6.48 MB/s | |
| VDSL (symmetry optional) | 100 Mbit/s | 12.5 MB/s | |
| OC-3/STM-1 | 155.52 Mbit/s | 19.44 MB/s | |
| DOCSIS v3.0 (Cable modem)[15] | 222.48/171.52 Mbit/s | 122.88 MB/s | |
| VDSL2 (symmetry optional) | 250 Mbit/s | 31.25 MB/s | |
| T4 | 274.176 Mbit/s | 34.272 MB/s | |
| T5 | 400.352 Mbit/s | 50.044 MB/s | |
| OC-9 | 466.56 Mbit/s | 58.32 MB/s | |
| OC-12/STM-4 | 622.08 Mbit/s | 77.76 MB/s | |
| OC-18 | 933.12 Mbit/s | 116.64 MB/s | |
| OC-24 | 1.244 Gbit/s | 155.5 MB/s | |
| OC-36 | 1.900 Gbit/s | 237.5 MB/s | |
| OC-48/STM-16 | 2.488 Gbit/s | 311.04 MB/s | |
| OC-96 | 4.976 Gbit/s | 622.08 MB/s | |
| OC-192/STM-64 | 9.953 Gbit/s | 1.244 GB/s | |
| 10 Gigabit Ethernet WAN PHY | 9.953 Gbit/s | 1.244 GB/s | |
| 10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN PHY | 10.000 Gbit/s | 1.25 GB/s | |
| OC-256 | 13.271 Gbit/s | 1.659 GB/s | |
| OC-768/STM-256 | 39.813 Gbit/s | 4.976 GB/s | |
| OC-1536/STM-512 | 79.626 Gbit/s | 9.953 GB/s | |
| OC-3072/STM-1024 | 159.252 Gbit/s | 19.907 GB/s | |
Local area networks
|
| LocalTalk | 230 kbit/s | 28.8 kB/s | |
| Econet | 800 kbit/s | 100 kB/s | 1981 |
| Omninet | 1 Mbit/s | 125 kB/s | |
| IBM PC Network | 2 Mbit/s | 250 kB/s | 1985 |
| ARCNET (Standard) | 2.5 Mbit/s | 312.5 kB/s | 1977 |
| Token Ring (Original) | 4 Mbit/s | 500 kB/s | 1985 |
| Ethernet (10BASE-T) | 10 Mbit/s | 1.25 MB/s | 1980 (1985 IEEE Standard) |
| Token Ring (Later) | 16 Mbit/s | 2 MB/s | 1989 |
| ARCnet Plus | 20 Mbit/s | 2.5 MB/s | 1992 |
| Token Ring IEEE 802.5t | 100 Mbit/s | 12.5 MB/s | |
| Fast Ethernet (100BASE-TX) | 100 Mbit/s | 12.5 MB/s | 1995 |
| FDDI | 100 Mbit/s | 12.5 MB/s | |
| MoCA 1.0[22] | 100 Mbit/s | 12.5 MB/s | |
| MoCA 1.1[22] | 175 Mbit/s | 21.875 MB/s | |
| HomePlug AV | 200 Mbit/s | 25 MB/s | 2005 |
| FireWire (IEEE 1394) 400[23][24] | 400 Mbit/s | 50 MB/s | 1995 |
| HIPPI | 800 Mbit/s | 100 MB/s | |
| IEEE 1901 | 1,000 Mbit/s | 125 MB/s | 2010 |
| Token Ring IEEE 802.5v | 1 Gbit/s | 125 MB/s | 2001 |
| Gigabit Ethernet (1000BASE-T) | 1 Gbit/s | 125 MB/s | 1998 |
| Reflective Memory or RFM2 (1.25 µs latency) | 2 Gbit/s | 235 MB/s | 1970 |
| Myrinet 2000 | 2 Gbit/s | 250 MB/s | |
| Infiniband SDR 1×[25] | 2 Gbit/s | 250 MB/s | |
| RapidIO Gen1 1x | 2.5 Gbit/s | 312.5 MB/s | |
| Quadrics QsNetI | 3.6 Gbit/s | 450 MB/s | |
| Infiniband DDR 1×[25] | 4 Gbit/s | 500 MB/s | |
| RapidIO Gen2 1x | 5 Gbit/s | 625 MB/s | |
| Infiniband QDR 1×[25] | 8 Gbit/s | 1 GB/s | |
| Infiniband SDR 4×[25] | 8 Gbit/s | 1 GB/s | |
| Quadrics QsNetII | 8 Gbit/s | 1 GB/s | |
| RapidIO Gen1 4x | 10 Gbit/s | 1.25 GB/s | |
| RapidIO Gen2 2x | 10 Gbit/s | 1.25 GB/s | |
| 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GBASE-X) | 10 Gbit/s | 1.25 GB/s | |
| Myri 10G | 10 Gbit/s | 1.25 GB/s | |
| Infiniband FDR-10 1×[26] | 10.31 Gbit/s | 1.29 GB/s | |
| Infiniband FDR 1×[26] | 13.64 Gbit/s | 12.5 GB/s | |
| Infiniband DDR 4×[25] | 16 Gbit/s | 2 GB/s | |
| RapidIO Gen2 4x | 20 Gbit/s | 2.5 GB/s | |
| Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI) Dual Channel SCI, x8 PCIe | 20 Gbit/s | 2.5 GB/s | |
| Infiniband SDR 12×[25] | 24 Gbit/s | 3 GB/s | |
| Infiniband EDR 1×[26] | 25 Gbit/s | 3.125 GB/s | |
| Infiniband QDR 4×[25] | 32 Gbit/s | 4 GB/s | |
| RapidIO Gen2 8x | 40 Gbit/s | 5 GB/s | |
| 40 Gigabit Ethernet (40GBASE-X) | 40 Gbit/s | 5 GB/s | |
| Infiniband FDR-10 4×[26] | 41.25 Gbit/s | 5.16 GB/s | |
| Infiniband DDR 12×[25] | 48 Gbit/s | 6 GB/s | |
| Infiniband FDR 4×[26] | 54.54 Gbit/s | 12.5 GB/s | |
| RapidIO Gen2 16x | 80 Gbit/s | 10 GB/s | |
| Infiniband QDR 12×[25] | 96 Gbit/s | 12 GB/s | |
| Infiniband EDR 4×[26] | 100 Gbit/s | 12.5 GB/s | |
| 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100GBASE-X) | 100 Gbit/s | 12.5 GB/s | |
| Infiniband FDR-10 12×[26] | 123.75 Gbit/s | 15.47 GB/s | |
| Infiniband FDR 12×[26] | 163.64 Gbit/s | 12.5 GB/s | |
| Infiniband EDR 12×[26] | 300 Gbit/s | 37.5 GB/s | |
Wireless networks
802.11 networks in infrastructure mode are half-duplex; all stations share the medium. In infrastructure or access point mode, all traffic has to pass through an Access Point (AP). Thus, two stations on the same access point that are communicating with each other must have each and every frame transmitted twice: from the sender to the access point, then from the access point to the receiver. This approximately halves the effective bandwidth.
802.11 networks in ad hoc mode are still half-duplex, but devices communicate directly rather than through an access point. In this mode all devices must be able to "see" each other, instead of only having to be able to "see" the access point.
|
| Classic WaveLAN | 2 Mbit/s | 250 kB/s | 1988 |
| IEEE 802.11 | 2 Mbit/s | 250 kB/s | 1997 |
| RONJA (full duplex) | 10 Mbit/s | 1.25 MB/s | |
| IEEE 802.11a | 54 Mbit/s | 6.75 MB/s | 1999 |
| IEEE 802.11b | 11 Mbit/s | 1.375 MB/s | 1999 |
| IEEE 802.11g | 54 Mbit/s | 6.75 MB/s | 2003 |
| IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) | 70 Mbit/s | 8.75 MB/s | 2004 |
| IEEE 802.11g with Super G by Atheros | 108 Mbit/s | 13.5 MB/s | 2003 |
| IEEE 802.11g with 125 High Speed Mode by Broadcom | 125 Mbit/s | 15.625 MB/s | 2003 |
| IEEE 802.11g with Nitro by Conexant | 140 Mbit/s | 17.5 MB/s | 2003 |
| IEEE 802.11n | 600 Mbit/s | 75 MB/s | 2009 |
| IEEE 802.11ac (maximum theoretical speed) | 6.93 Gbit/s | 850 MB/s | 2012 |
| IEEE 802.11ad (maximum theoretical speed) | 7.138 Gbit/s | 850 MB/s | 2011 |
Wireless personal area networks
|
| ANT | 20 kbit/s | 2.5 kB/s | |
| IrDA-Control | 72 kbit/s | 9 kB/s | |
| IrDA-SIR | 115.2 kbit/s | 14 kB/s | |
| 802.15.4 (2.4 GHz) | 250 kbit/s | 31.25 kB/s | |
| Bluetooth 1.1 | 1 Mbit/s | 125 kB/s | 2002 |
| Bluetooth 2.0+EDR | 3 Mbit/s | 375 kB/s | 2004 |
| IrDA-FIR | 4 Mbit/s | 500 kB/s | |
| IrDA-VFIR | 16 Mbit/s | 2 MB/s | |
| Bluetooth 3.0 | 24 Mbit/s | 3 MB/s | 2009 |
| Bluetooth 4.0 | 24 Mbit/s | 3 MB/s | 2010 |
| IrDA-UFIR | 96 Mbit/s | 12 MB/s | |
| WUSB-UWB | 480 Mbit/s | 60 MB/s | |
| IrDA-Giga-IR | 1,024 Mbit/s | 128 MB/s | |
Computer buses
Main buses
|
| I²C | 3.4 Mbit/s | 425 kB/s | 1992 (standardized) |
| Apple II series (incl. Apple IIGS) 8-bit/1 MHz | 8 Mbit/s | 1 MB/s,[27][28] | |
| SS-50 Bus 8-bit/1(?) MHz | 8 Mbit/s | 1 MB/s | |
| ISA 8-Bit/4.77 MHz | 19.1 Mbit/s | 2.39 MB/s | 1981 (created) |
| STEbus 8-Bit/16 MHz | TBD Mbit/s | TBD MB/s | 1987 (standardized) |
| ISA 16-Bit/8.33 MHz | 66.7 Mbit/s | 8.33 MB/s | 1984 (created) |
| STD80 8-bit/8 MHz | 16 Mbit/s | 2 MB/s | |
| STD80 16-bit/8 MHz | 32 Mbit/s | 4 MB/s | |
| Zorro II 16-bit/7.14 MHz[29] | 42.4 Mbit/s | 5.3 MB/s | 1986 |
| S-100 bus 8-bit/10 MHz | 80 Mbit/s | 10 MB/s | |
| Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (Up to 100 MHz) | 100 Mbit/s | 12.5 MB/s | |
| Low Pin Count | 133.33 Mbit/s | 16.67 MB/s | |
| C-Bus 16-bit/10 MHz | 160 Mbit/s | 20 MB/s[30] | |
| HP Precision Bus | 184 Mbit/s | 23 MB/s | |
| EISA 8-16-32bit/8.33 MHz | 266.56 Mbit/s | 33.32 MB/s | 1988 |
| STD 32 32-bit/8 MHz | 256 Mbit/s | 32 MB/s[31] | |
| NESA 32-bit/8 MHz | 256 Mbit/s | 32 MB/s[32] | |
| VME64 32-64bit | 400 Mbit/s | 40 MB/s | |
| NuBus 10 MHz | 400 Mbit/s | 40 MB/s | |
| DEC TURBOchannel 32-bit/12.5 MHz | 400 Mbit/s | 50 MB/s | |
| MCA 16-32bit/10 MHz | 660 Mbit/s | 66 MB/s | 1987 |
| NuBus90 20 MHz | 800 Mbit/s | 80 MB/s | |
| APbus 32-bit/25(?) MHz | 800 Mbit/s | 100 MB/s[33] | |
| Sbus 32-bit/25 MHz | 800 Mbit/s | 100 MB/s | 1989 |
| DEC TURBOchannel 32-bit/25 MHz | 800 Mbit/s | 100 MB/s | |
| Local Bus 98 32-bit/33 MHz | 1,056 Mbit/s | 132 MB/s[34] | |
| VESA Local Bus - VLB 32-bit/33 MHz | 1,067 Mbit/s | 133.33 MB/s | 1992 |
| PCI 32-bit/33 MHz | 1,067 Mbit/s | 133.33 MB/s | 1993 |
| HP GSC-1X | 1,136 Mbit/s | 142 MB/s | |
| Zorro III 32-bit/async (eq. 37.5 MHz)[35][36] | 1,200 Mbit/s | 150 MB/s[37] | 1990 |
| VESA Local Bus - VLB 32-bit/40 MHz | 1,280 Mbit/s | 160 MB/s | 1992 |
| Sbus 64-bit/25 MHz | 1.6 Gbit/s | 200 MB/s | |
| PCI Express 1.0 (×1 link)[38] | 2.5 Gbit/s | 250 MB/s [z] | 2004 |
| HP GSC-2X | 2.048 Gbit/s | 256 MB/s | |
| PCI 64-bit/33 MHz | 2.133 Gbit/s | 266.7 MB/s | 1993 |
| PCI 32-bit/66 MHz | 2.133 Gbit/s | 266.7 MB/s | 1995 |
| AGP 1× | 2.133 Gbit/s | 266.7 MB/s | 1997 |
| RapidIO Gen1 1x | 2.5 Gbit/s | 312.5 MB/s | |
| HIO bus | 2.560 Gbit/s | 320 MB/s | |
| GIO64 64-bit/40 MHz | 2.560 Gbit/s | 320 MB/s | |
| PCI Express 1.0 (×2 link)[38] | 5 Gbit/s | 500 MB/s [z] | 2011 |
| PCI Express 2.0 (×1 link)[39] | 5 Gbit/s | 500 MB/s [z] | 2007 |
| AGP 2× | 4.266 Gbit/s | 533.3 MB/s | |
| PCI 64-bit/66 MHz | 4.266 Gbit/s | 533.3 MB/s | |
| PCI-X DDR 16-bit | 4.266 Gbit/s | 533.3 MB/s | |
| RapidIO Gen2 1x | 5 Gbit/s | 625 MB/s | |
| PCI 64-bit/100 MHz | 6.399 Gbit/s | 800 MB/s | |
| PCI Express 3.0 (×1 link)[40] | 8 Gbit/s | 984.6 MB/s [y] | 2011 |
| Unified Media Interface (UMI) (×4 link) | 10 Gbit/s | 1 GB/s [z] | 2011 |
| Direct Media Interface (DMI) (×4 link) | 10 Gbit/s | 1 GB/s [z] | 2004 |
| Enterprise Southbridge Interface (ESI) | 8 Gbit/s | 1 GB/s | |
| PCI Express 1.0 (×4 link)[38] | 10 Gbit/s | 1 GB/s [z] | 2004 |
| AGP 4× | 8.533 Gbit/s | 1.067 GB/s | |
| PCI-X 133 | 8.533 Gbit/s | 1.067 GB/s | |
| PCI-X QDR 16-bit | 8.533 Gbit/s | 1.067 GB/s | |
| InfiniBand single 4×[25] | 8 Gbit/s | 1 GB/s | |
| RapidIO Gen1 4x | 10 Gbit/s | 1.25 GB/s | |
| RapidIO Gen2 2x | 10 Gbit/s | 1.25 GB/s | |
| UPA | 15.360 Gbit/s | 1.920 GB/s | |
| Unified Media Interface 2.0 (UMI 2.0) (×4 link) | 20 Gbit/s | 2 GB/s [z] | 2012 |
| Direct Media Interface 2.0 (DMI 2.0) (×4 link) | 20 Gbit/s | 2 GB/s [z] | 2011 |
| PCI Express 1.0 (×8 link)[38] | 20 Gbit/s | 2 GB/s [z] | 2004 |
| PCI Express 2.0 (×4 link)[39] | 20 Gbit/s | 2 GB/s [z] | 2007 |
| AGP 8x | 17.066 Gbit/s | 2.133 GB/s | |
| PCI-X DDR | 17.066 Gbit/s | 2.133 GB/s | |
| RapidIO Gen2 4x | 20 Gbit/s | 2.5 GB/s | |
| HyperTransport (800 MHz, 16-pair) | 25.6 Gbit/s | 3.2 GB/s | 2001 |
| PCI Express 3.0 (×4 link)[40] | 32 Gbit/s | 3.934 GB/s [y] | 2011 |
| HyperTransport (1 GHz, 16-pair) | 32 Gbit/s | 4 GB/s | |
| PCI Express 1.0 (×16 link)[38] | 40 Gbit/s | 4 GB/s [z] | 2004 |
| PCI Express 2.0 (×8 link)[39] | 40 Gbit/s | 4 GB/s [z] | 2007 |
| PCI-X QDR | 34.133 Gbit/s | 4.266 GB/s | |
| AGP 8× 64-bit | 34.133 Gbit/s | 4.266 GB/s | |
| RapidIO Gen2 8x | 40 Gbit/s | 5 GB/s | |
| PCI Express 3.0 (×8 link)[40] | 64 Gbit/s | 7.88 GB/s [y] | 2011 |
| PCI Express 1.0 (×32 link)[38] | 80 Gbit/s | 8 GB/s [z] | 2001 |
| PCI Express 2.0 (×16 link)[39] | 80 Gbit/s | 8 GB/s [z] | 2007 |
| RapidIO Gen2 16x | 80 Gbit/s | 10 GB/s | |
| PCI Express 3.0 (×16 link)[40] | 128 Gbit/s | 15.75 GB/s [y] | 2011 |
| PCI Express 2.0 (×32 link)[39] | 160 Gbit/s | 16 GB/s [z] | 2007 |
| QPI (4.80GT/s, 2.40 GHz) | 153.6 Gbit/s | 19.2 GB/s | |
| HyperTransport 2.0 (1.4 GHz, 32-pair) | 179.2 Gbit/s | 22.4 GB/s | 2004 |
| QPI (5.86GT/s, 2.93 GHz) | 187.52 Gbit/s | 23.44 GB/s | |
| QPI (6.40GT/s, 3.20 GHz) | 204.8 Gbit/s | 25.6 GB/s | |
| QPI (7.2GT/s, 3.6 GHz) | 230.4 Gbit/s | 28.8 GB/s | 2012 |
| PCI Express 3.0 (×32 link)[39] | 256 Gbit/s | 31.5 GB/s [y] | 2011 |
| QPI (8.0GT/s, 4.0 GHz) | 256.0 Gbit/s | 32.0 GB/s | 2012 |
| HyperTransport 3.0 (2.6 GHz, 32-pair) | 332.8 Gbit/s | 41.6 GB/s | 2006 |
| HyperTransport 3.1 (3.2 GHz, 32-pair) | 409.6 Gbit/s | 51.2 GB/s | 2008 |
z Uses 8B/10B encoding, meaning that 20% of each transfer is used by the interface instead of carrying data from between the hardware components at each end of the interface. For example, a single link PCIe 1.0 has a 2.5 Gbit/s transfer rate, yet its usable bandwidth is only 2 Gbit/s (250 MB/s).
y Uses 128B/130B encoding, meaning that about 1.54% of each transfer is used by the interface instead of carrying data between the hardware components at each end of the interface. For example, a single link PCIe 3.0 interface has an 8 Gbit/s transfer rate, yet its usable bandwidth is only about 7.88 Gbit/s.
Portable
|
| PC Card 16-bit 255 ns byte mode | 31.36 Mbit/s | 3.92 MB/s | |
| PC Card 16-bit 255 ns word mode | 62.72 Mbit/s | 7.84 MB/s | |
| PC Card 16-bit 100 ns byte mode | 80 Mbit/s | 10 MB/s | |
| PC Card 16-bit 100 ns word mode | 160 Mbit/s | 20 MB/s | |
| PC Card 32-bit (CardBus) byte mode | 267 Mbit/s | 33.33 MB/s | |
| ExpressCard 1.2 USB 2.0 mode | 480 Mbit/s | 60 MB/s | |
| PC Card 32-bit (CardBus) word mode | 533 Mbit/s | 66.66 MB/s | |
| PC Card 32-bit (CardBus) doubleword mode | 1,067 Mbit/s | 133.33 MB/s | |
| ExpressCard 1.2 PCI Express mode | 2,500 Mbit/s | 250 MB/s | |
| ExpressCard 2.0 USB 3.0 mode | 4,800 Mbit/s | 600 MB/s | |
| ExpressCard 2.0 PCI Express mode | 5,000 Mbit/s | 625 MB/s | |
Storage
|
| Teletype Model 33 paper tape (70 bit/s, 10 ASCII characters per second) | 0.000070 Mbit/s | 0.000010 MB/s | 1963 |
| TRS-80 Model 1 Level 1 BASIC cassette tape interface (250 bit/s) | 0.00025 Mbit/s | 0.000032 MB/s | 1977 |
| Apple 2 cassette tape interface (1500 bit/s) | 0.0015 Mbit/s | 0.0002 MB/s | 1977 |
| Single Density 8" FM Floppy Disk Controller (160 KB) | 0.250 Mbit/s | 0.031 MB/s | 1973 |
| Double Density 5.25" MFM Floppy Disk Controller (360 KB) | 0.500 Mbit/s | 0.062 MB/s | 1978 |
| High Density MFM Floppy Disk Controller (1.2 MB/1.44 MB) | 1.0 Mbit/s | 0.124 MB/s | 1984 |
| CD Controller (1×) | 1.171 Mbit/s | 0.146 MB/s | |
| MFM hard disk | 5 Mbit/s | 0.625 MB/s | |
| RLL hard disk | 7.5 Mbit/s | 0.937 MB/s | |
| DVD Controller (1×) | 11.1 Mbit/s | 1.32 MB/s | |
| ESDI | 24 Mbit/s | 3 MB/s | |
| ATA PIO Mode 0 | 26.4 Mbit/s | 3.3 MB/s | |
| HD DVD Controller (1×) | 36 Mbit/s | 4.5 MB/s | |
| Blu-ray Controller (1×) | 36 Mbit/s | 4.5 MB/s | |
| SCSI (Narrow SCSI) (5 MHz)[41] | 40 Mbit/s | 5 MB/s | |
| ATA PIO Mode 1 | 41.6 Mbit/s | 5.2 MB/s | |
| ATA PIO Mode 2 | 66.4 Mbit/s | 8.3 MB/s | |
| Fast SCSI (8 bits/10 MHz) | 80 Mbit/s | 10 MB/s | |
| ATA PIO Mode 3 | 88.8 Mbit/s | 11.1 MB/s | |
| AoE over Fast Ethernet, per path | 100 Mbit/s | 12.5 MB/s | |
| iSCSI over Fast Ethernet | 100 Mbit/s | 12.5 MB/s | |
| ATA PIO Mode 4 | 133.3 Mbit/s | 16.7 MB/s | |
| Fast Wide SCSI (16 bits/10 MHz) | 160 Mbit/s | 20 MB/s | |
| Ultra SCSI (Fast-20 SCSI) (8 bits/20 MHz) | 160 Mbit/s | 20 MB/s | |
| Ultra DMA ATA 33 | 264 Mbit/s | 33 MB/s | |
| Ultra Wide SCSI (16 bits/20 MHz) | 320 Mbit/s | 40 MB/s | |
| Ultra-2 SCSI 40 (Fast-40 SCSI) (8 bits/40 MHz) | 320 Mbit/s | 40 MB/s | |
| Ultra DMA ATA 66 | 533.6 Mbit/s | 66.7 MB/s | |
| Ultra-2 wide SCSI (16 bits/40 MHz) | 640 Mbit/s | 80 MB/s | |
| Serial Storage Architecture SSA | 640 Mbit/s | 80 MB/s | |
| Ultra DMA ATA 100 | 800 Mbit/s | 100 MB/s | |
| Fibre Channel 1GFC (1.0625 GHz)[42] | 850 Mbit/s | 106.25 MB/s | |
| AoE over Gigabit Ethernet, per path | 1,000 Mbit/s | 125 MB/s | |
| iSCSI over Gigabit Ethernet | 1,000 Mbit/s | 125 MB/s | |
| Ultra DMA ATA 133 | 1,064 Mbit/s | 133 MB/s | |
| Ultra-3 SCSI (Ultra 160 SCSI; Fast-80 Wide SCSI) (16 bits/40 MHz DDR) | 1,280 Mbit/s | 160 MB/s | |
| SATA revision 1.0|Serial ATA Revision 1.0[43] | 1,500 Mbit/s | 150 MB/s [a] | |
| Fibre Channel 2GFC (2.125 GHz)[42] | 1,700 Mbit/s | 212.5 MB/s | |
| Ultra-320 SCSI (Ultra4 SCSI) (16 bits/80 MHz DDR) | 2,560 Mbit/s | 320 MB/s | |
| Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)[43] | 3,000 Mbit/s | 300 MB/s | |
| Serial ATA Revision 2.0[43] | 3,000 Mbit/s | 300 MB/s [a] | |
| Fibre Channel 4GFC (4.25 GHz)[42] | 3,400 Mbit/s | 425 MB/s | |
| Ultra-640 SCSI (16 bits/160 MHz DDR) | 5,120 Mbit/s | 640 MB/s | |
| Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) 2[43] | 6,000 Mbit/s | 600 MB/s [a] | |
| Serial ATA Revision 3.0[43] | 6,000 Mbit/s | 600 MB/s [a] | |
| Fibre Channel 8GFC (8.50 GHz)[42] | 6,800 Mbit/s | 850 MB/s | |
| Fibre Channel 16GFC (17.0 GHz)[42] | 12,000 Mbit/s | 1,500 MB/s | |
| Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) 3[43] | 9,600 Mbit/s | 1,200 MB/s | |
| AoE over 10GbE, per path | 10,000 Mbit/s | 1,250 MB/s | |
| iSCSI over 10GbE | 10,000 Mbit/s | 1,250 MB/s | |
| FCoE over 10GbE | 10,000 Mbit/s | 1,250 MB/s | |
| iSCSI over InfiniBand 4× | 32,000 Mbit/s | 4,000 MB/s | |
| iSCSI over 100G Ethernet (hypothetical) | 100,000 Mbit/s | 12,500 MB/s | |
| FCoE over 100G Ethernet (hypothetical) | 100,000 Mbit/s | | |
| SATA revision 3.2 - SATA Express | 16,000 Mbit/s | | |
a Uses 8B/10B encoding
Peripheral
|
| CBM Bus[44][45] | 2.7 kbit/s | 0.34 kB/s | 1981 |
| Apple Desktop Bus | 10.0 kbit/s | 1.25 kB/s | |
| Serial MIDI | 31.25 kbit/s | 3.9 kB/s | 1983 |
| Serial EIA-232 max. | 230.4 kbit/s | 28.8 kB/s | |
| Serial DMX512A | 250.0 kbit/s | 31.25 kB/s | |
| Parallel (Centronics) | 1 Mbit/s | 125 kB/s | |
| Serial 16550 UART max. | 1.5 Mbit/s | 187.5 kB/s | |
| USB low speed | 1.536 Mbit/s | 192 kB/s | 1996 |
| Serial UART max | 2.7648 Mbit/s | 345.6 kB/s | |
| GPIB/HPIB (IEEE-488.1) IEEE-488 max. | 8 Mbit/s | 1 MB/s | |
| Serial EIA-422 max. | 10 Mbit/s | 1.25 MB/s | |
| USB full speed | 12 Mbit/s | 1.5 MB/s | 1996 |
| USB 2.0 full speed | 12 Mbit/s | 1.5 MB/s | 2000 |
| Parallel (Centronics) EPP 2 MHz | 16 Mbit/s | 2 MB/s | |
| Serial EIA-485 max. | 35 Mbit/s | 4.375 MB/s | |
| GPIB/HPIB (IEEE-488.1-2003) IEEE-488 max. | 64 Mbit/s | 8 MB/s | |
| FireWire (IEEE 1394) 100 | 98.304 Mbit/s | 12.288 MB/s | 1995 |
| FireWire (IEEE 1394) 200 | 196.608 Mbit/s | 24.576 MB/s | 1995 |
| FireWire (IEEE 1394) 400 | 393.216 Mbit/s | 49.152 MB/s | 1995 |
| USB Hi-Speed (USB 2.0) | 480 Mbit/s | 60 MB/s | 2000 |
| FireWire (IEEE 1394b) 800[46] | 786.432 Mbit/s | 98.304 MB/s | 2002 |
| Fibre Channel 1 Gb SCSI | 1,062.5 Mbit/s | 100 MB/s | |
| FireWire (IEEE 1394b) 1600[46] | 1.573 Gbit/s | 196.6 MB/s | 2007 |
| Camera Link Base (single) 24-bit 85 MHz | 2,040 Mbit/s | 255 MB/s | |
| Fibre Channel 2 Gb SCSI | 2,125 Mbit/s | 200 MB/s | |
| eSATA (SATA 300) | 3 Gbit/s | 375 MB/s | 2004 |
| CoaXPress Base (up and down bidirectional link) | 3.125 Gbit/s + 20.833 Mbit/s | 390 MB/s | 2009 |
| FireWire (IEEE 1394b) 3200[46] | 3,145.7 Mbit/s | 393.216 MB/s | 2007 |
| External PCI Express 2.0 ×1 | 4 Gbit/s | 500 MB/s | |
| Fibre Channel 4 Gb SCSI | 4.25 Gbit/s | 531.25 MB/s | |
| USB super speed (USB 3.0) | 5 Gbit/s x 2 | 625 MB/s x 2 | 2010 |
| Camera Link full (dual) 64-bit 85 MHz | 5.44 Gbit/s | 680 MB/s | |
| eSATA (SATA 600) | 6 Gbit/s | 750 MB/s | 2011 |
| CoaXPress full (up and down bidirectional link) | 6.25 Gbit/s + 20.833 Mbit/s | 781 MB/s | 2009 |
| External PCI Express 2.0 ×2 | 8 Gbit/s | 1,000 MB/s | |
| USB Superspeed+ (USB 3.1) | 10 Gbit/s x 2 | 1,250 MB/s x 2 | 2013 |
| Thunderbolt | 10 Gbit/s × 2 | 1,250 MB/s × 2 | 2011 |
| External PCI Express 2.0 ×4 | 16 Gbit/s | 2,000 MB/s | |
| Thunderbolt 2 | 20 Gbit/s × 2 | 1,250 MB/s × 4 | 2013 |
| External PCI Express 2.0 ×8 | 32 Gbit/s | 4,000 MB/s | |
| External PCI Express 2.0 ×16 | 64 Gbit/s | 8,000 MB/s | |
MAC to PHY
|
| MII (4 lanes) | 100 Mbit/s | 12.5 MB/s | |
| RMII (2 lanes) | 100 Mbit/s | 12.5 MB/s | |
| SMII (1 lane) | 100 Mbit/s | 12.5 MB/s | |
| GMII (8 lanes) | 1.0 Gbit/s | 125 MB/s | |
| RGMII (4 lanes) | 1.0 Gbit/s | 125 MB/s | |
| SGMII (2 lanes) | 1.0 Gbit/s | 125 MB/s | |
| XGMII (32 lanes) | 10.0 Gbit/s | 1.25 GB/s | |
| XAUI (4 lanes) | 10.0 Gbit/s | 1.25 GB/s | |
| XLGMII | 40.0 Gbit/s | 5 GB/s | |
| CGMII | 100.0 Gbit/s | 12.5 GB/s | 2008 |
PHY to XPDR
|
| XSBI (16 lanes) | 0.995 Gbit/s | 0.124 GB/s | |
Dynamic random access memory
The table below shows values for PC memory module types. These modules usually combine multiple chips on one circuit board. SIMM modules connect to the computer via an 8 bit or 32 bit wide interface. DIMM modules connect to the computer via a 64 bit wide interface. Some other computer architectures use different modules with a different bus width.
FPM, EDO, SDR, and RDRAM memories were not commonly installed in a dual-channel configuration. DDR and DDR2 memory are usually installed in single or dual-channel configuration. DDR3 memory are installed in single, dual, tri, and quad-channel configurations. Bit rates of multi-channel configuration are slightly increased.
|
| FPM DRAM | 45 ns | 22 MHz | 0.177 GT/s | 1.416 Gbit/s | 177 MB/s |
| EDO DRAM | 30 ns | 33 MHz | 0.266 GT/s | 2.128 Gbit/s | 266 MB/s |
| PC-66 SDR SDRAM | 10/15 ns | 66 MHz | 0.066 GT/s | 4.264 Gbit/s | 533 MB/s |
| PC-100 SDR SDRAM | 8 ns | 100 MHz | 0.100 GT/s | 6.4 Gbit/s | 800 MB/s |
| PC-133 SDR SDRAM | 7/7.5 ns | 133 MHz | 0.133 GT/s | 8.528 Gbit/s | 1.066 GB/s |
| RIMM-1200 RDRAM | PC-600 | 300 MHz | 0.600 GT/s | 9.6 Gbit/s | 1.2 GB/s |
| RIMM-1400 RDRAM | PC-700 | 350 MHz | 0.700 GT/s | 11.2 Gbit/s | 1.4 GB/s |
| RIMM-1600 RDRAM | PC-800 | 400 MHz | 0.800 GT/s | 12.8 Gbit/s | 1.6 GB/s |
| PC-1600 DDR SDRAM | DDR-200 | 100 MHz | 0.200 GT/s | 12.8 Gbit/s | 1.6 GB/s |
| RIMM-2100 RDRAM | PC-700 | 533 MHz | 1.066 GT/s | 17.034 Gbit/s | 2.133 GB/s |
| PC-2100 DDR SDRAM | DDR-266 | 133 MHz | 0.266 GT/s | 17.034 Gbit/s | 2.133 GB/s |
| PC-2700 DDR SDRAM | DDR-333 | 166 MHz | 0.333 GT/s | 21.336 Gbit/s | 2.667 GB/s |
| PC-3200 DDR SDRAM | DDR-400 | 200 MHz | 0.400 GT/s | 25.6 Gbit/s | 3.2 GB/s |
| PC2-3200 DDR2 SDRAM | DDR2-400 | 100 MHz | 0.400 GT/s | 25.6 Gbit/s | 3.2 GB/s |
| PC-3500 DDR SDRAM | DDR-433 | 216 MHz | 0.433 GT/s | 27.728 Gbit/s | 3.466 GB/s |
| PC-3700 DDR SDRAM | DDR-466 | 233 MHz | 0.466 GT/s | 29.864 Gbit/s | 3.733 GB/s |
| PC-4000 DDR SDRAM | DDR-500 | 250 MHz | 0.500 GT/s | 32 Gbit/s | 4 GB/s |
| PC-4200 DDR SDRAM | DDR-533 | 266 MHz | 0.533 GT/s | 34.128 Gbit/s | 4.266 GB/s |
| PC2-4200 DDR2 SDRAM | DDR2-533 | 133 MHz | 0.533 GT/s | 34.128 Gbit/s | 4.266 GB/s |
| PC-4400 DDR SDRAM | DDR-550 | 275 MHz | 0.550 GT/s | 35.2 Gbit/s | 4.4 GB/s |
| PC-4800 DDR SDRAM | DDR-600 | 300 MHz | 0.600 GT/s | 38.4 Gbit/s | 4.8 GB/s |
| PC2-5300 DDR2 SDRAM | DDR2-667 | 167 MHz | 0.667 GT/s | 42.664 Gbit/s | 5.333 GB/s |
| PC2-6000 DDR2 SDRAM | DDR2-750 | 188 MHz | 0.750 GT/s | 48 Gbit/s | 6 GB/s |
| PC2-6400 DDR2 SDRAM | DDR2-800 | 200 MHz | 0.800 GT/s | 51.2 Gbit/s | 6.4 GB/s |
| PC3-6400 DDR3 SDRAM | DDR3-800 | 100 MHz | 0.800 GT/s | 51.2 Gbit/s | 6.4 GB/s |
| PC2-7200 DDR2 SDRAM | DDR2-900 | 225 MHz | 0.900 GT/s | 57.6 Gbit/s | 7.2 GB/s |
| PC2-8000 DDR2 SDRAM | DDR2-1000 | 250 MHz | 1 GT/s | 57.6 Gbit/s | 7.2 GB/s |
| PC2-8500 DDR2 SDRAM | DDR2-1066 | 267 MHz | 1.066 GT/s | 64 Gbit/s | 8 GB/s |
| PC3-8500 DDR3 SDRAM | DDR3-1066 | 133 MHz | 1.066 GT/s | 64 Gbit/s | 8 GB/s |
| PC2-8800 DDR2 SDRAM | DDR2-1100 | 275 MHz | 1.1 GT/s | 70.4 Gbit/s | 8.8 GB/s |
| PC2-8888 DDR2 SDRAM | DDR2-1100 | 278 MHz | 1.111 GT/s | 71.104 Gbit/s | 8.888 GB/s |
| PC2-9136 DDR2 SDRAM | DDR2-1142 | 286 MHz | 1.142 GT/s | 73.088 Gbit/s | 9.136 GB/s |
| PC2-9200 DDR2 SDRAM | DDR2-1150 | 288 MHz | 1.15 GT/s | 73.6 Gbit/s | 9.2 GB/s |
| PC2-9600 DDR2 SDRAM | DDR2-1200 | 300 MHz | 1.2 GT/s | 76.8 Gbit/s | 9.6 GB/s |
| PC2-10000 DDR2 SDRAM | DDR2-1250 | 313 MHz | 1.25 GT/s | 80 Gbit/s | 10 GB/s |
| PC3-10600 DDR3 SDRAM | DDR3-1333 | 167 MHz | 1.333 GT/s | 85.336 Gbit/s | 10.667 GB/s |
| PC3-11000 DDR3 SDRAM | DDR3-1375 | 172 MHz | 1.375 GT/s | 88 Gbit/s | 11 GB/s |
| PC3-12800 DDR3 SDRAM | DDR3-1600 | 200 MHz | 1.6 GT/s | 102.4 Gbit/s | 12.8 GB/s |
| PC3-13000 DDR3 SDRAM | DDR3-1625 | 203 MHz | 1.625 GT/s | 104 Gbit/s | 13 GB/s |
| PC3-14400 DDR3 SDRAM | DDR3-1800 | 225 MHz | 1.8 GT/s | 115.2 Gbit/s | 14.4 GB/s |
| PC3-14900 DDR3 SDRAM | DDR3-1866 | 233 MHz | 1.866 GT/s | 119.464 Gbit/s | 14.933 GB/s |
| PC3-15000 DDR3 SDRAM | DDR3-1866 | 233 MHz | 1.866 GT/s | 119.464 Gbit/s | 14.933 GB/s |
| PC3-16000 DDR3 SDRAM | DDR3-2000 | 250 MHz | 2 GT/s | 128 Gbit/s | 16 GB/s |
| PC3-17000 DDR3 SDRAM | DDR3-2133 | 266 MHz | 2.133 GT/s | 136.528 Gbit/s | 17.066 GB/s |
| PC4-17000 DDR4 SDRAM | DDR4-2133 | 266 MHz | 2.133 GT/s | 136.5 Gbit/s | 17 GB/s [47] |
| PC3-17600 DDR3 SDRAM | DDR3-2200 | 275 MHz | 2.2 GT/s | 140.8 Gbit/s | 17.6 GB/s |
| PC3-19200 DDR3 SDRAM | DDR3-2400 | 300 MHz | 2.4 GT/s | 153.6 Gbit/s | 19.2 GB/s |
| PC3-21300 DDR3 SDRAM | DDR3-2666 | 333 MHz | 2.666 GT/s | 170.4 Gbit/s | 21.3 GB/s |
| PC3-24000 DDR3 SDRAM | DDR3-3000 | 375 MHz | 3.0 GT/s | 192 Gbit/s | 24 GB/s |
| PC4-25600 DDR3 SDRAM | DDR4-3200 | 400 MHz | 3.2 GT/s | 204.8 Gbit/s | 25.6 GB/s |
Video RAM
RAM memory modules are also utilised by graphics processing units, however, video memory differs some-what particularly with lower power requirements, and are specialised to serve GPUs, for example, the introduction of GDDR3 which was fundamentally based on DDR2. Every video memory chip is directly connected to the GPU (point-to-point). The total GPU memory bus width varies with the number of memory chips and the number of lanes per chip. For example, GDDR5 specifies either 16 or 32 lanes per "device" (chip). Over the years, bus widths ranged from 64 bit to 512 bit.[48] Because of this variability, graphics memory speeds are sometimes compared per pin. For direct comparison to the values for 64-bit modules shown above, video RAM is compared here in 64-lane lots, corresponding to two chips. In 2012, high-end GPUs use 8 or even 12 chips with 32 lanes each, for a total memory bus width of 256 or 384 bits. Combined with a transfer rate per pin of 5 GHz or more, such cards can reach 240 GB/s or more.
Video RAM frequencies vary greatly. The values given below are examples for high-end cards.[49] Since many cards have more than one pair of chips, the total bandwidth is correspondingly higher. For example, high-end cards often have eight chips, so that the total bandwidth is four times the value given below.
|
| 64 lanes | DDR | 350 MHz | 0.7 GT/s | 44.8 Gbit/s | 5.6 GB/s |
| 64 lanes | DDR2 | 250 MHz | 1 GT/s | 64 Gbit/s | 8 GB/s |
| 64 lanes | GDDR3 | 1250 MHz | 2.5 GT/s | 159 Gbit/s | 19.9 GB/s |
| 64 lanes | GDDR4 | 1100 MHz | 2.2 GT/s | 140.8 Gbit/s | 17.6 GB/s |
| 64 lanes | GDDR5 | 1500 MHz | 6 GT/s | 384 Gbit/s | 48 GB/s |
Digital audio
|
| CD Audio (16-bit PCM) | 1.411 Mbit/s | 176.4 KB/s |
| S/PDIF | 3.072 Mbit/s | 0.384 MB/s |
| I²S | 2.250 Mbit/s @ 24bit/48 kHz | 0.281 MB/s |
| AC'97 | 12.288 Mbit/s | 1.536 MB/s |
| McASP | Unknown | Unknown |
| Intel High Definition Audio rev. 1.0[50] | 48 (outbound) & 24 (inbound) Mbit/s | 6 & 3 MB/s (outbound & inbound) |
| ADAT Lightpipe (Type I) | 9.216 Mbit/s | 2.304 MB/s |
| AES/EBU | 2.625 Mbit/s @ 24-bit/48 kHz | 0.328 MB/s |
| HDMI | 36.864 Mbit/s | 4.608 MB/s |
| DisplayPort | 36.864 Mbit/s | 4.608 MB/s |
| MADI | 100 Mbit/s | 12.5 MB/s |
Digital video interconnects
Data rates given are from the video source (e.g., video card) to receiving device (e.g., monitor) only. Out of band and reverse signaling channels are not included.
|
| HD-SDI (SMPTE 292M) | 1.485 Gbit/s | 0.186 GB/s |
| LVDS Display Interface[51] | 2.8 Gbit/s | 0.35 GB/s |
| 3G-SDI (SMPTE 424M) | 2.97 Gbit/s | 0.371 GB/s |
| Single link DVI | 4.95 Gbit/s | 0.619 GB/s [a] |
| HDMI v. 1.0[52] | 4.95 Gbit/s | 0.619 GB/s [a] |
| DisplayPort v. 1.0 (4-lane Reduced Bit Rate)[53] | 6.48 Gbit/s | 0.810 GB/s [a] |
| Dual link DVI | 8.03 Gbit/s | 1.238 GB/s [a] |
| HDMI v. 1.3[54] | 10.2 Gbit/s | 1.275 GB/s [a] |
| Dual High-Speed LVDS Display Interface | 10.5 Gbit/s | 1.312 GB/s |
| DisplayPort v. 1.0 (4-lane High Bit Rate)[53] | 10.8 Gbit/s | 1.35 GB/s [a] |
| DisplayPort v. 1.2 (4-lane High Bit Rate 2)[53] | 21.6 Gbit/s | 2.7 GB/s [a] |
a Uses 8B/10B encoding for video data—effective data rate is 80% of the symbol rate
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